I was chasing a very strange bug for a long time: Windows 10 was not able to install any feature update.
Update history in Windows contained just a message:
To keep the long story short: I was starting Windows by the incorrect bootloader.
Grub from Linux Mint auto-discovered two Windows partitions /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2. The first partition was just a small partition with bootloader from the previous installation of Windows. When booted by “chainloader +1” the boot automatically kicked in and started Windows stored on the second partition. Unfortunately it had an impact on updates and shutdown of the computer.
The correction was quite simple. Just start Windows from the second partition.
I rebooted the computer from sda2 partition and then I started the new installation of Windows 10, version 1803 update using Windows 10 Upgrade tool.
This correction also fixed another strange bug, that I was not able to shutdown Windows. When I selected “shutdown”, Windows respawned in a few seconds back into login screen. Again the problem was that old bootloader from the first partition kicked in, after the shutdown of Windows and resumed it.
Big thanks to Max Green for pointing out that the problem might be caused by invoking incorrect bootloader.